@ LeifLeif: I think you have a separate problem, or a subset of the problem the rest of us are having. Because your solution doesn't work for me.
Two things: File Type Assosicaitons are in Preferences under the Application Menu (on a Mac), not the Edit menu. And in my preferences Canon Camera Raw is already set to Adobe Photoshop CS6, as is every other camera raw type. But I still cannot access Camera Raw Preferences in Bridge CS6. Nor can I use Open in Camera Raw... in the contextual menu.
However, if I select more than one Raw image in Bridge and double-click one of them, they all open in Camera Raw. So all that's really affected is the contextual menu. I can still tweak the Camera Raw Preferences in Photoshop, so not being able to get to them in Bridge is a minor annoyance. Double-clicking selected images in Bridge is the most direct way to use Bridge with Camera Raw. It should be noted, though, that this only applies to Raw images. If I select JPEGs and TIFFs along with a Raw image, the Raw image will open in Camera Raw and the others will open directly in Photoshop. So, if I want to open a JPEF of a TIFF in Camera Raw, I need to use the contextual menu in Mini Bridge in Photoshop.
So there seem to be some fairly simple work-arounds for this problem, though it has taken an inordenant amount of trial and error experimentation by a lot of users to figure them out. If Adobe knows of these solutions they haven't bothered to tell us about them. Apparently Adobe couldn't care less; they've moved on to the Creative Cloud and the devil take the hindmost.